Key points in the execution of hip rotation include:
Rotation must be smooth and in one continuous movement, no stops or hesitation.
Keep the hips level with the floor.
Do not allow the hips to rise.
The faster the hip rotation the stronger the technique.
Remember to use the rear leg to reinforce ship movement and increase total power.
Shoulders must rotate with the hips, not before or after.
Keep body vertical, no leaning.
Both hips must rotate along a horizontal plane, no tilting
Hips, shoulders, and feet must rotate simultaneously.
Use hip snap in punches.
Use hip rotation and hip turnover in kicks.
Use hip twist in forward movements.
Lag hip in movement to maintain weight balance.
Common mistakes:
Withdrawing the hip joint around which the rotation is occurring.
Hitting the target with the hand or foot after rotation has stopped.
Pendulum motion is when the body is dropped into a punch to add the dropping mass of the body to the punch. When punching, a fighter is not bobbing the body up and down to add power to punches during the body's downward motion, that would be a waste of energy, remove power from techniques used during the upward motion, and probably the most important, it would look stupid. However, for a finishing blow, dropping the body into a punch would increase the power of the punch. For example, stepping the lead foot from a back stance into a front stance while performing a reverse punch will drop the body's mass into the punch. When fighting, it would be dangerous to raise the body simply to add power to a techniques used on the downward motion, plus there is no time to raise the body moving about at a fight pace.