Choke Science

Experiments with human subjects and animals show the following effects from "choking":

• Unconsciousness is due to lack of oxygen and by the metabolites created in the brain as a result of:
  • Acute cerebral anemia by pressure on:
    • Common carotid artery
    • Occipital artery
    • Jugular vein
  • Shock, reflex action initiated on the receptor organ in the carotid sinus.
• The appearance of flushing of the face because of the disturbances in pressure in the carotid arteries and jugular veins.
  • Decrease blood flow of the face shown by ultrasonic and laser-Doppler blood flow monitoring devices. The mean value is 89.4% with the lowest point in 6 seconds; after release return normal in 13.7 seconds.
  • Decrease oxygen saturation in blood in the helix of the ear by using an ear oximeter. Down from 95 to 86% and reach a minimum of 82% in 2-4 seconds. After regaining consciousness return to 90 to 92%. Sixty percent oxygen saturation in the brain causes unconsciousness.
• Tachycardia hypertension, and mydriasis (dilated pupils) are caused by stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system (vagus nerve). The systemic pressure rises 30-40 mm of Hg. After release the blood pressure returns to normal in 3-4 minutes.
• The peripheral blood vessels are also involved: dilatation of muscle vessels and constriction of skin vessels. In shock, accompanied by unconsciousness, bradycardia and hypotension are observed with dilation of muscle vessels.
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