Effects of Blows

Blows to Front Middle Section (area between the shoulders and hips, except the arms)

Blows to chest and abdominal regions may result in trauma to internal organs with disruptive effects on the sympathetic nervous system, which in turn affects the cranial nerves leading to the loss of consciousness due to shock and loss of breathing. However, blows to the head do not always lead to loss of breathing in spite of the loss of sensory and motor functions.

Blow to Chest

• Blow to the suprasternal notch (the concave area on the ventral surface of the neck, between the sternum (breastbone) below and the hyoid bone above) may block the windpipe and cause suffocation.
• Blow to the sternal angle (area just below the juncture of the manubrium and the sternum) may cause trauma to the heart, bronchus, arteries supplying the upper part of the body, and the pulmonary artery that may result in malfunction of the respiratory system and shock.
• Blow to the xiphoid process (the lowest part of the sternum) may cause trauma to the liver, stomach and heart, leading to shock and disturbance of the nervous system followed by loss of motor functions.
• Blow to solar plexus (concave area just below the sternum) may cause trauma to the stomach and liver, leading to damage to adjacent regions.
• Blow to side of rib cage may result in a green stick fracture where a rib fractures longitudinal along its length rather than across.
• Blow to side of rib cage may break rib and causing it to puncture a lung. The collapsed lung may let the heart to shift toward other lung causing spasm and death. Diaphragm may rise and strike a broken rib causing it to retract causing shallow breathing. Intercostal rib muscles can only handle breathing for a short time if the diaphragm is injured. If diaphragm is irritated by blood, it may cause hiccups. For maximum effect, tow blows should be used to ribs; the first to break a rib, the second to force the broken rib into the lungs. Lower floating ribs are not connected to the spine and are difficult to break since they are too flexible.

Blow to Right Side of Abdomen

• May cause deep fissure in the liver causing peritonitis, hiccupping from bile or blood irritating the diaphragm, pain, tenderness, or death.
• May tear the gall bladder; before a meal the gall bladder fills with digestive juices and is easily burst. Juices would start to digest internal organs. Only surgery would prevent death.

Blow to Middle of Abdomen

• May rupture the stomach or compress duodenum against spine, which would spill their contents into abdominal cavity causing peritonitis and death.
• If the solar plexus area is struck while inhaling, pancreas may compress on spine and split. Spasm of abdominal and intercostal rib muscles may cause respiratory paralysis and death.
• Abdominal aorta vein a large vein in front of spine may hit the front of the lumbar spine and cause massive bleeding.
• Percussive shock may cause a minute plural tear in a lung, which may result in a partial lung collapse causing shallow breathing and great pain in breathing.
• Blow to tanjun (a point about one inch below the naval and the center of ki in oriental philosophy) may cause trauma to the small intestine and bladder and may damage the large blood vessels and nerves in the abdomen causing shock and loss of motor functions.
• Blow to abdomen may result in abdominal splinting where the body cavity fills with blood resulting in high temperature and rigidity of abdomen.
• Blow to lower abdomen may injure the diaphragm causing it to relax causing extreme expiration until the diaphragm can function normally again.

Blow to Left Side of Abdomen

• Blow may damage stomach.
• Blow may damage the spleen that is beside the left kidney under the diaphragm parallel to the ninth, tenth, and eleventh ribs. The spleen stores blood when the body is under stress. A rupture may cause death within fourth-eight hours. An injury that later bursts may cause delayed death months or years after original injury.