Injuries in martial arts

Injuries in martial arts: a comparison of five styles

M. Zetaruk, M. Violán, D. Zurakowski. and L. Micheli

British Journal of Sports Medicine 2005; 39:29-33

This study compared five martial arts with respect to injury outcomes. A one year retrospective cohort was studied using an injury survey. Data on 263 martial arts participants (114 from Shotokan karate, 47 from Aikido, 49 from Taekwondo, 39 from Kung fu, and 14 from Tai chi) were analyzed using age, sex, training frequency, experience, and martial art style. Outcome measures were injuries requiring time off from training, major injuries, multiple injuries, body region, and type of injury.

The rate of injuries, expressed as percentage of participants sustaining an injury that required time off training a year, varied according to style: 59% for Taekwondo, 51% for Aikido, 38% for Kung fu, 30% for karate, and 14% for Tai chi. There was a threefold increased risk of injury and multiple injury in Taekwondo than karate. Subjects ≥18 years of age were at greater risk of injury than younger ones. Martial artists with at least three years experience were twice as likely to sustain injury than less experienced students. Training >3 hours/week was also a significant predictor of injury. Compared with karate, the risks of head/neck injury, upper extremity injury, and soft tissue injury were all higher in aikido, and the risks of head/neck, groin, and upper and lower extremity injuries were higher in Taekwondo. No sex differences were found for any of the outcomes studied.

Conclusions. There is a higher rate of injury Taekwondo than Shotokan karate. Different martial arts have significantly different types and distribution of injuries. Martial arts appear to be safe for young athletes, particularly those at beginner or intermediate levels.