Muscular Force

Muscles operate by contraction, so when a muscle pulls a body part in one direction, for the part to return to its original position, another muscle must pull it back. No one muscle in the body may generate the force required to deliver an effective blow. All the muscles of the body must act in concert to generate the required force.

Gravity

All objects exert an attraction on all other objects. The force of that attraction is proportional to the mass of the object that attracts. The attractive force of the earth is called gravity. Since gravity always exists and it is predictable, it is useful in combat. You may not be able to move a larger opponent horizontally and you certainly may not move the opponent vertically, but you may use gravity to cause the opponent to fall by causing the opponent to lose balance. This may be accomplished by pushing when the opponent pulls or vice versa.

Friction

Friction is the resistance a body exerts upon another while moving over it. The friction between two surfaces:

Is proportional to the force pressing them together. The heavier you are, the more difficult it is for you to slip when punching.

Depends upon the nature of their contact surfaces. You are less likely to slip with rubber soled shoes than with leather soles.

Is independent of the area of the contact surfaces. Contrary to popular belief, there is no change in friction whether you are resisting a force while standing on one foot or on both feet. One skidding tire will stop a car just as fast as four skidding tires (as long as the heat generated at the point of contact remains constant, which is nearly impossible.

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