Punches

Hand attacks using a closed fist in mostly linear attack. Some punch arc (such as hook punch) or travel upward (such as uppercut). Fist may be held horizontally or vertically. Contact area is usually first two knuckles. Power comes from hip snap and driving off ball of trailing foot. ITF practitioners also use the knee-snap sine wave to generate power. Punches may be "snapped" out and back very quickly or "pushed through" where, after contact is made, the fist pushes into the target.

Strikes

Hand attacks using some variation of a closed (such as back fist), semi-open (such as bear paw), or open (such as knife hand) hand in a circular attack. Impact area depends on the type of technique. Power comes from twisting of torso and footwork that permits body spinning. The arcing of the strike and the rotational speed of the body greatly increase power. Arc may travel along a vertical or horizontal axis. Strikes may be "snapped" or "pushed through" or a combination of the two.

Southern preachers are known for their powerful hammer fist strikes. While preaching, they hold the Bible in one hand while pounding on it with a hammer fist strike with the other hand to emphasis points in their sermons, which is why they are called "Bible thumpers."

Thrusts

Hand attacks when some part of the hand (such as two-fingers, palm, or middle knuckles) is jabbed into the opponent in a linear motion, usually to specific targets (such as eyes or solar plexus). Power comes from hip snap and driving off ball of trailing foot. There are three types of delivery:

• A snapping whip-crack motion.

• Pushing off an incoming attack with a thrusting motion.

• Combining the whip-crack and push-through. This is used when breaking boards to leave the first board intact while breaking the others.

Elbows

Although not a part of the hand, elbow attacks are categorized as hand techniques. Most elbow attacks are circular. Arc of attack may be vertical or horizontal. Impact areas are front, back, tip, and sides of elbow. Power comes from hip snap and driving off ball of trailing foot.

Inverted Technique

An inverted technique is one that is turned upside down. For example, an inward striking knife hand strike has the palm up. If the hand is turned over palm down, it may become an outward striking inverted knife hand strike.

Spinning Technique

A spinning technique is one that is applied in combination with the body spinning into the technique to add extra power. For example, a spinning back fist strike is where the body and fist spin in a reverse direct to add power the strike.

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