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Predicting Competition Results
The Terry and Slade (1995) review of the mood literature indicated:
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Athletes tend to have more positive moods than the general population.
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Mood seems to discriminate between winners and losers only when there is little difference in their ability.
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Pre-performance mood measures discriminate only when performance is of short duration
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Individual sports may be more influenced by mood than team sports.
In a study of 104 brown belts and 104 black belts, they found that 92% of the winners could be predicted based on mood and 93.5% of winners could be predicted on the basis of mood and anxiety. In a study of 142 Taekwondo novices through black belts, Chapman, et.al (1997) found that anxiety scores could predict 63% of winners and losers.
Effect of Martial Arts on Anxiety Reduction
Several studies support that martial arts training can reducing anxiety. Layton (1990) found that, with age controlled, the greater the number of years of training, the less anxiety. Layton suggested that more study is needed to determine whether karate training reduces anxiety or whether the reduction is a result of those with lower anxiety being more likely to attain black belt status.
Managing Anxiety During Competition
Weinberg et.al. (1981) indicated that studies examining methods of reducing pre-competitive anxiety have been inconclusive. They examined the effects of visio-motor behavior rehearsal (VMBR) on performance in karate using 32 male karate students who were matched according to skill level and assigned one for four groups: a relaxation group, a VMBR group, an imagery group, and an attention-placebo group. The VMBR group involved relaxation training, visualizing karate performance during a stressful situation, and then performing the skill during simulation of a stressful situation. During the six weeks of training, all four treatment groups showed a decrease in anxiety. The VMBR group performed better in sparring than the other groups. Apparently, imagery prepares the mind and body for the competitive performance.
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