Bullying is a conscious and willful act of aggression and/or manipulation by one or more people against another person or people. It is sometimes premeditated, and sometimes opportunistic, sometimes directed mainly towards one victim, and sometimes occurring serially and randomly. Bullying is a cowardly act because it is done to cause hurt without fear of recrimination. The victimized person is unlikely to retaliate effectively, if at all, nor are they likely to tell anyone about it. Bullying relies on those who are marginally involved, often referred to as observers, onlookers, or watchers, doing nothing to stop the bullying or becoming actively involved in supporting it.

• Bullying contains the following elements:

• Harm is intended.

• There is an imbalance of power.

• Bullying is often organized and systematic.

• Bullying is repetitive, occurring over a period of time; or it is a random but serial activity carried out by someone who is feared for this behavior.

• Hurt experienced by a victim of bullying can be external (physical) and/or internal (psychological).

Bullying can take many forms: physical, emotional, verbal or a combination of these. It may involve one child bullying another, a group of children against a single child or groups against other groups (gangs). It is not unlike other forms of victimization and abuse in that it involves:

• Imbalance of power

• Differing emotional tones, the victim will be upset whereas the bully is cool and in control

• Blaming the victim for what has happened

• Lack of concern on the part of the bully for the feelings and concerns of the victim

• Lack of compassion

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